Mirror neuron activity is no proof for action understanding

THE MIRROR NEURON SYSTEM AND ACTION UNDERSTANDING Mirror neurons, which have been discovered by single cell recordings in the parieto-frontal areas of the macaque’s brain (Rizzolatti et al., 1996), are neurons that discharge in the monkey’s brain both when a specific action is observed and when the same action is performed by the monkey himself. In healthy humans, a direct measuring of neural activity is not possible for ethical reasons as the scalp has to be opened for single cell recordings. Still, there is broad evidence from indirect studies that a similar parieto-frontal mirror mechanism also exists in humans (for an overview see Rizzolatti and Sinigaglia, 2008). In this opinion paper, we will focus on the thesis that action understanding is a function of the mirror neuron system. We will not address intention understanding1. According to our opinion, understanding is a process that runs through hermeneutic circles from the “Vorverständnis” (“previous understanding”) to steps of deeper understanding, capturing assigned meaning in its “Bedeutungszusammenhang” (coherence) and recognizing the historical and cultural conditionality of understanding (Dilthey, 1961; Gadamer, 1990). In the following, however, we will focus on the narrow neuroscientific definition of action understanding: the capacity to recognize several movements as belonging to one action. Following Rizzolatti and Sinigaglia (2008), a person “understands” the “action” of a